Menstrual Cycle Overview – What Every Woman Should Know

The menstrual cycle is just your body’s monthly rhythm. It tells you when you’ll bleed, when ovulation happens, and why you might feel crampy or moody. Knowing the basics helps you plan workouts, vacations, and doctor visits without surprise setbacks.

Understanding the Four Phases

Menstrual phase (Days 1‑5): This is when bleeding starts. Blood mixes with tissue from the womb lining, causing cramps for many people. You might notice lower back aches or mood swings—both are normal as hormone levels drop.

Follicular phase (Days 6‑13): After the period ends, your body begins to rebuild that lining. Hormone estrogen rises, which can boost energy and improve skin clarity. It’s a good window for trying new workouts or tackling big tasks because you often feel more upbeat.

Ovulation (Around Day 14): One egg is released from the ovary and heads toward the uterus. Some women feel a slight twinge on one side, a boost in libido, or a mild rise in body temperature. This is the most fertile window if you’re trying to conceive.

Luteal phase (Days 15‑28): After ovulation, progesterone climbs to get the uterus ready for possible pregnancy. You may notice bloating, breast tenderness, or a dip in energy. If no pregnancy occurs, hormone levels fall and the cycle restarts with a new period.

Practical Tips for Tracking and Comfort

Use a simple calendar app or a dedicated period tracker. Log the first day of bleeding, any spotting, and symptom notes like cramp intensity or mood changes. Over time patterns appear, making it easier to predict when you’ll feel your best.

Eating foods rich in iron (spinach, lentils) during the menstrual phase helps replace lost blood. Staying hydrated reduces bloating, while light exercise—like a walk or yoga—can ease cramps and lift mood.

If cramps become severe, spotting is irregular, or you notice sudden weight changes, reach out to a healthcare provider. These signs can point to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid issues that need attention.

Remember, every cycle is personal. Some months are smooth; others bring surprises. By watching your body’s signals and using easy tracking tools, you’ll feel more in control and ready for whatever each month brings.